Essay example --

Although traditionally applied to business ethics, the honourable decision-making process is of vital immensity in law enforcement as well. Research recognizes several ethical decision-making models and factors believed to influence the process of decision-making. A history of ethical decision-making, including various theories, models and influential factors demonstrates the importance of the ethical decision-making process and how it can be applied to law enforcement. HISTORY OF ETHICAL DECISION-MAKINGDecision-making has historical roots in philosophy, which generated two primary proportions one of logic and discernment and one of ethics and moral imagination. Philosophers set out primarily viewed these dimensions from a normative standpoint, providing arguments for each one to demonstrate how individuals think and decide. Since the evolution of normative theories of logic, which are broadly speaking based on probability or utility, much work has been consecrate towards the ir expansion into descriptive models of actual reasoning processes. The ethics and moral judgment dimension remains largely normative, despite the fact that moral thinking is regarded as an important element in the decision-making process as a whole (Strong & Meyer, 1992).prescriptive theories of ethics do not have much descriptive strength, so they have been modified in an effort to explain differences in moral judgment. Researchers have since moved from examining the outcomes of decisions towards exploring different processes individuals use when making decisions among various possible outcomes (Strong & Meyer, 1992).Ethical Decision-Making ModelsIn an attempt to expand normative theories, Kohlbergs model of moral judgment proposes that individuals cognitively progress through... ... rarely under direct supervisory control and are permitted to exercise enormous amounts of discretion (Ortmeier & Meese, 2010). Therefore, ethical decision-making is extremely vital at bottom law enf orcement. Moreover, previously discussed ethical decision-making processes and influential factors apply to police officers just as they do to other organizational employees. ConclusionRespected scholars have dedicated vast amounts of research towards developing ethical decision-making models and outlining factors believed to influence the process of decision-making. An overview of various ethical decision-making models and influential factors demonstrates the importance of the ethical decision-making process. Furthermore, various models and techniques traditionally used in business ethics can also be applied to policing, positively impacting law enforcement as a whole.

Funny Short Story :: essays research papers

The Scourge Of The GalaxyThe pretty researcher walked up to the shack where he supposedly lived. Wendy had heard galore(postnominal) stories about the scourge, merely she had never seen him for herself. He was a local legend, and she had decided to do her thesis on this obese male. She knocked on the cheap wood ingress of the shanty, and the door fell off. Wendy anxiously tried to pick the door up, but before she could pick it up, a high-pitched bark came from the dark corridor of the hut. Its alright, girlie. merely leave it and come inside. She complied quickly, stepping inside. The stench was almost unbearable, a mixture of rancid sweat, rotten food and flatulence. She tried to hold back a small moan, but failed utterly, as she stepped cautiously across the floor strewn with garbage. The scourge was reclined in a La-Z-Boy, his face cloaked in shadow. He spoke again, and the girlish voice was a shock. Have a seat, beautiful. I suppose youre that girl from the brothel that I ca lled for three months ago. Id almost given up on you, baby. Wendy quickly decided not to contradict the huge man. She figured that itd be more interesting for her paper, if she let him think she was a prostitute. She could always beat out, she reasoned. She nodded quickly, and he shifted in his recliner, sending vibrations resounding around the hovel. Sweet thing, come closer so Herbie can see you, honey. Wendy gulped uncomfortably and moved closer to the scourge, which was a bad idea. It was sickening, being this close. The scourge was wearing just a red sequined thong, which was protruding dangerously tight in the front, threatening to split at any moment. He had exactly four long greasy hairs on the top of his bald head, and hair grew in oddly shaped patches on his legs and chest. His nipples were perforate with safety pins, and rolls of fat hung off his body. He weighed three hundred pounds. He had a long sparsely haired goatee in the Fu Manchu style. Bits of moldy food were h anging at various places on the goatee. His eyes were beady and calculating. He had thin wet lips, which he licked constantly. He also wore a pair of shocking pick apart and dirty brown argyle socks pulled up to his calves. His nose was more of a pig snout than a nose, and he had exactly seven brown, crooked dentition in his mouth.

Negligence Case Study Essay -- Law of Tort, Tort Law

Review the scenario below. Consider the legal principles influencing the likelihood of any self-made action against Steve in negligence. Daria and her lover, Tom, were crossing the path on a pedestrian crossing when Tom was hit and killed by a car being negligently driven by Steve. The car befuddled Daria by inches. Since the incident Daria has had frequent nightmares and has been unable to return to work.Harry, a policeman patrolling the area, witnessed the incident and went to try to help Tom, but quickly realised that Tom was already dead. This was Harrys first day back at work following six months recovering from psychiatrical illness caused by the distressing constitution of his job. As a result of seeing Toms injuries Harry has now suffered a return of the psychiatric damage which now appears permanent.Samira, a civil worker in police traffic control, was watching a TV monitor which showed the road as the incident occurred. Samira recognised Tom as her economize who m she had not seen since the day, six months before, when he had left her and gone to live with Daria. Samira had always believed that, one day, he would return to her. She has suffered post traumatic stress disorder since the incident.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In our given scenario we are asked to discuss legal principles influencing the likelihood of any successful action against Steve in the grounds of negligence. Steves negligent driving caused a serial publication of events that caused losses to the other people presented in the scenario and they take actions against Steve in the grounds of negligence. At first we must understand what negligence is. The tort of negligence provides the potenti... ...rameters and exclusively the aspects of the law that appear in our given scenario we can safely say that any claim that is being made by Toms exemplar by Daria and Samira on the grounds of negligence breach of duty of c are and psychiatric injury would be successful and that even though Harry suffered psychiatric injury his claim wont be successful since he doesnt fulfill the necessary parameters in order to make a successful claim.BibliographyNeal Geach, Question & Answer Tort Law, PearsonLaw of Tort, Module Handout.CasesFrances Quinn, Tort Law, Pearson, first edition, pp 34-35Caparo v Dickman (1990) 2 A.C. 605Page v Smith 1996 1 A.C. 155Bourhill v Young 1943 A.C. 92Alcock v Chief constable of South Yorkshire 1992 1 A.C. 310Hinz v Berry 1970 1 All E.R. 1084White v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police 1999 2 A.C.455

Black Boy Essay -- essays research papers

In the book Black Boy, we follow many black people in the south preserveing with many hardships. One of the most prominent problems for blacks seemed to be the "JimCrow" laws. These laws withheld blacks from society, breaking them apart from whites and making it veryhard for them to live an make up close to normal life. Black people couldnt express their own ideas at all.They had to call all white men "sirs" and all white women "maam". They couldnt act the slightest bitsuperior to whites. It was almost impossible for black people to make a decent living in the south, and they alsohad to take the abuse dealt to them by he whites without even attempting ant resistance. Blacks in thesouth also had to deal with the separation aspects of the "Jim crow" laws. They had to sit in the backside of thebuses, they had to use separate water fountains and bathrooms, they were looked upon almost like theyhad some sort of disease. These be just a few of the &quo tJim Crow" laws that the black people had to deal with.Richard was not the only one in this book dealing with racism. Allthe people around him were also coping with it also, friends co-workers and family had to facethe challenges of a racist environment. passim the book we see these other people dealing with theproblems of an extremely racist society. We also see how each person in Richards life deals with itdifferently. There are a few people and insience that stick out in my mind especially. The first one would ingest to bean incident with Shorty. Shorty has dealt with racism his whole life, and he has learned to deal with it ashe has grown. We see a great example of how Shorty deals on page 269Shorty is faced with the problem ofno money, such as many other southern blacks were, and we see that he is willing to do anythingfor any amount of money." You batch kick me in the ass for a get" (269,wright) As thishappens Richard witnesses the whole thing and we can see t hat he is very disappointed in the wayShorty dealt with the situation. He cant understand how he can put himself in that kind of degradingposition, and Shorty simply answers." But a quarter cant pay for what he did to you"But we can see Shorty thinks differently.A... ...urt black skin. By this point in the book Richard learns to deal better with racism, but hestill has attitude about being enured differently then the white kids or adults.One final incident the Richard had to deal with was when he wasworking at the hotel. This incident didnt completely have to deal with him but he gotinvolved. When the door man at the hotel slapped his black girl friend in the ass as they were walking out ofthe hotel, Richard got attractive upset that he did that considering that the door guard was white. It was like hecouldnt understand how white people didnt like blacks, but yet the would use such sexual connotationstowards the black women, We see Richard react, as he stops and just loo ks at the doorman. AfterRichard decides not react violently, and got somewhat of a threat from the doorman when he just continued.This was Richards way of "scaring" the white man without starting something physical. We see Richardsway of dealing with the racism change throughout the book. When he is younger we see how he cant helpbut get defensive, and as he gets older he learns to control himself better.

Resisting Negative Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure Essays

God make you so you can be your own individual. You shouldnt be anyone else. -- Wyclef JeanEverything dont mean a thing if it aint the thing you want. Express Yourself -- Charles WrightRemember when you were first taught the concept of friend pressure back in elementary school? Your teachers educated you on the regard as of respecting yourself and others around you and to never force someone to do something that they do not want to do. As we earn erstwhile(a), the lessons of associate pressure go on without ofttimes to say. We dumbfound life and learn from our mistakes. We conjecture that we carry our wits slightly us everywhere we go when we are with conclaves of people. We may think that we, as older students, are not subjected to confederate pressure, but it happens more times than we think.As students from high school transition into college, times can be rough. They select to get used to their new environment and adapt to any changes that come their way. psyche who was not into the take upy scene in high school might seethe up living on a floor that is wild and crazy, and they bequeath have to adapt to their environment in order to fit in with everyone else. adjacent thing they know their whole persona changes. They begin to think differently, dress differently, and act differently average to fit in with a group of people. It is crazy to think that a group of people can have much(prenominal) a massive influence on one person, but someones lifestyle can be changed drastically just by conform and adopting to other peoples values and actions as they forget about their own.However, peer pressure does not only relate to the party scene. Students can experience peer pressure when it comes to doing well in their classes. If everyone else is stressing out, you are... ... to dress a certain way or act a certain way, just so that I could fit in with them.I think now is the ideal time to say, aint no body got time for thatAnd thats just it.Aint n o body got time for that.Nobody should have time to conform to other peoples wants and needs. We should be meet ourselves with people who are accepting us for what we have to offer. However, for some people, they succumb to the peer pressures in college.In college it is all about finding your nitch what you are full(a) at, establishing a group of friends, and participating in activities and organizations you want to be a part of. College is not about seeking eulogy from others, it is about seeking approval from yourself. You are the only person that is standing in your way to be successful, so do not let anyone pressure you to do something that will procrastinating your sparkle. Resisting Negative Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure EssaysGod made you so you can be your own individual. You shouldnt be anyone else. -- Wyclef JeanEverything dont mean a thing if it aint the thing you want. Express Yourself -- Charles WrightRemember when you were first taught the co ncept of peer pressure back in elementary school? Your teachers educated you on the value of respecting yourself and others around you and to never force someone to do something that they do not want to do. As we get older, the lessons of peer pressure go on without much to say. We experience life and learn from our mistakes. We think that we carry our wits about us everywhere we go when we are with groups of people. We may think that we, as older students, are not subjected to peer pressure, but it happens more times than we think.As students from high school transition into college, times can be rough. They have to get used to their new environment and adapt to any changes that come their way. Someone who was not into the party scene in high school might wind up living on a floor that is wild and crazy, and they will have to adapt to their environment in order to fit in with everyone else.Next thing they know their whole persona changes. They begin to think differently, dress diff erently, and act differently just to fit in with a group of people. It is crazy to think that a group of people can have such a massive influence on one person, but someones lifestyle can be changed drastically just by conforming and adopting to other peoples values and actions as they forget about their own.However, peer pressure does not only relate to the party scene. Students can experience peer pressure when it comes to doing well in their classes. If everyone else is stressing out, you are... ... to dress a certain way or act a certain way, just so that I could fit in with them.I think now is the perfect time to say, aint no body got time for thatAnd thats just it.Aint no body got time for that.Nobody should have time to conform to other peoples wants and needs. We should be surrounding ourselves with people who are accepting us for what we have to offer. However, for some people, they succumb to the peer pressures in college.In college it is all about finding your nitch what you are good at, establishing a group of friends, and participating in activities and organizations you want to be a part of. College is not about seeking approval from others, it is about seeking approval from yourself. You are the only person that is standing in your way to be successful, so do not let anyone pressure you to do something that will dull your sparkle.

Resisting Negative Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure Essays

God made you so you can be your own individual. You shouldnt be anyone else. -- Wyclef JeanEverything dont mean a thing if it aint the thing you want. evidence Yourself -- Charles WrightRemember when you were first taught the concept of mate pressure back in elementary school? Your teachers educated you on the value of respecting yourself and other(a)s around you and to never rack someone to do something that they do not want to do. As we sign on older, the lessons of peer pressure go on without much to say. We experience life and claim from our mistakes. We think that we carry our wits about us everywhere we go when we are with groups of people. We may think that we, as older students, are not subjected to peer pressure, but it happens more times than we think.As students from high school innovation into college, times can be rough. They have to get used to their new surroundings and adapt to any changes that come their way. Someone who was not into the party prospect in hi gh school might wind up living on a floor that is wild and crazy, and they will have to adapt to their environment in order to find out in with everyone else.Next thing they know their hale soulfulnessa changes. They begin to think differently, dress differently, and act differently just to fit in with a group of people. It is crazy to think that a group of people can have such a massive stoop on one person, but someones lifestyle can be changed drastic exclusivelyy just by conforming and adopting to other peoples values and actions as they forget about their own.However, peer pressure does not scarcely relate to the party scene. Students can experience peer pressure when it comes to doing tumefy in their classes. If everyone else is stressing out, you are... ... to dress a certain way or act a certain way, just so that I could fit in with them.I think now is the perfect time to say, aint no body got time for thatAnd thats just it.Aint no body got time for that.Nobody shoul d have time to conform to other peoples wants and needs. We should be surrounding ourselves with people who are judge us for what we have to offer. However, for some people, they succumb to the peer pressures in college.In college it is all about finding your nitch what you are good at, establishing a group of friends, and alive(p) in activities and organizations you want to be a part of. College is not about want approval from others, it is about seeking approval from yourself. You are the only person that is standing in your way to be successful, so do not permit anyone pressure you to do something that will dull your sparkle. Resisting Negative Peer Pressure Essay -- Peer Pressure EssaysGod made you so you can be your own individual. You shouldnt be anyone else. -- Wyclef JeanEverything dont mean a thing if it aint the thing you want. Express Yourself -- Charles WrightRemember when you were first taught the concept of peer pressure back in elementary school? Y our teachers educated you on the value of respecting yourself and others around you and to never force someone to do something that they do not want to do. As we get older, the lessons of peer pressure go on without much to say. We experience life and learn from our mistakes. We think that we carry our wits about us everywhere we go when we are with groups of people. We may think that we, as older students, are not subjected to peer pressure, but it happens more times than we think.As students from high school transition into college, times can be rough. They have to get used to their new environment and adapt to any changes that come their way. Someone who was not into the party scene in high school might wind up living on a floor that is wild and crazy, and they will have to adapt to their environment in order to fit in with everyone else.Next thing they know their whole persona changes. They begin to think differently, dress differently, and act differently just to fit in with a group of people. It is crazy to think that a group of people can have such a massive influence on one person, but someones lifestyle can be changed drastically just by conforming and adopting to other peoples values and actions as they forget about their own.However, peer pressure does not only relate to the party scene. Students can experience peer pressure when it comes to doing well in their classes. If everyone else is stressing out, you are... ... to dress a certain way or act a certain way, just so that I could fit in with them.I think now is the perfect time to say, aint no body got time for thatAnd thats just it.Aint no body got time for that.Nobody should have time to conform to other peoples wants and needs. We should be surrounding ourselves with people who are accepting us for what we have to offer. However, for some people, they succumb to the peer pressures in college.In college it is all about finding your nitch what you are good at, establishing a group of friends, and participating in activities and organizations you want to be a part of. College is not about seeking approval from others, it is about seeking approval from yourself. You are the only person that is standing in your way to be successful, so do not let anyone pressure you to do something that will dull your sparkle.

Einstein- A Life in Science

This critical account, addresses the life of Albert Einstein, surrounding his remarkable scientific discoveries, unwrapped by the authors Michael White and John Gribbin in a set aside published in 1993. The book has evoked and attracted great interest from magazines and newspapers. If you have ever wondered what E=mc means, this is definitely the book for you. The book e science laboratoryorates peerless of Einsteins most renowned theories, that of Quantum physics for which he received the infamous Nobel Prize.Einstein used to be a Patent Officer, which he enjoyed because he had a great deal of spare time to accomplish his scientific work. He died on the eighteenth of April 1955. His brain was removed for medical research, which you would find astonishing as it makes one think, would Einstein have really wanted his brain removed?The book explains the theory of relativity (E=mc2), extremely well. The theory was based on cardinal subsequent variables Firstly, echoing which as explai ned by Newton, was that the speed of light is the same for all observers, irrespective of what their relational speed is. If an American rocket, for example, had a physics lab on board and was launched in one direction, and the same was done with a Japanese rocket, sent off in the opposite direction, any experiments carried out on either rocket would be exactly the same.The second postulate uses Maxwells equations, which conclude that light is constant so it is written as c. This led to Einsteins predictions, which were non commonsensical. He predicted that a moving ruler and everything around it shrinks and gets heavier, while a moving clock runs slow. If an observer sees a spaceship going past him at three-quarters of the speed of light, and an opposite one flies in the opposite direction at the same speed, observers in either spaceship will measure the relative speed of the other spaceship as 0.96c, not 1.5c as the time slows down. This shows that the closer a person travels to the speed of light, the slower the time will get. If psyche travels at the speed of light, time will stop.E=mc means that nothing is equal to mass at rest. When mass disappears, for example in a nuclear fission process, this amount of energy must appear in some other form. This also tells us the total energy of a element of mass, m, sitting at rest.Einstein formed part of the team working on the atomic bomb. It was calculated that a vast amount of energy released in a fission reaction would be used in an atomic bomb. Einstein agreed to be the spokesman for the scientific community and sign a letter persuading Roosevelt to take action. He was later known as the father of the atomic bomb because of this. The result was devastating. This was against Einsteins pacifist views but he had no prime(prenominal) as the Nazis could build the bomb if the allies did not. Since then, the Americans and Russians have been racing in warfare.The atomic bomb was built by the USA. The Russians fol lowed. It was an arms race between the classless and Communist world. The USA made the hydrogen bomb, Russia eventually caught up. Then the USA built the nuclear bomb. Several other countries built the nuclear bomb too. His robust pacifist views and political views also made him a marvellous person with the public.Einstein A Life in Science is an excellent book and is worth recommending to those who are curious about what E=mc means. It is fascinating to learn that Einstein based his work on the remarkable achievements made by other scientists such as Newton and Maxwell. I would recommend this book to the older audience, particularly to those who have an interest in relativity and quantum physics. This is a very provoke book, which I enjoyed reading because there is a lot to learn about Einsteins life and his incredible work. One should not get put off by looking at the thickness of the book and the small print writing. Once you get into this book, you will not want to stop read ing.Overall, I do not think this book explains the science very clearly. I had to read through the special theory of relativity twice before I understood the model clearly. This book needs to be more concise so the reader can visit the concept more easily because it can be confuse at times. The language used in this book is at a high level, so the younger audience will find it hard to understand the concept. On the other hand, the variety of sentence structures stops the reader from getting bored. This book is a great example to people as the message is that if one works to their utmost potential, they can achieve a lot.

Nutrition and Stronger Workouts

In todays society it seems that everyone wants to loose weight and see immediate results. The trend of using dietary supplements increases constantly because of this factor. The market for these supplements is skyrocketing every year as the demand for the so-called miracle pills continues to grow. Much research has been done on many of these drugs and has proven that many be not all as great as they are advertised on television or in magazines. The truth is many contain stark ingredients that lead to severe side do and can even cause death. They prove to be more harmful than healthy. This is why before ever decision making to by any type of dietary supplement, it is crucial to examine every ingredient and know what exactly each one is to see if it is dangerous or safe to ingest.One dietary supplement that seems to be popular at the moment is Hydroxycut. It is supposed to promote fat and weight loss, increase energy and stronger workouts, increased metabolism, and decreased appeti te (Hydroxycut Side Effects and Hydroxycut Benefits 1). These added benefits do not come without a price though. There are many severe side effects that can result from using Hydroxycut. Some may include increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, headaches, light-headedness, and dizziness. Others are loss of appetite, feel restless and hyper active, schnozzle bleeds, blurred vision, and outbreak of acne (1). It seems there are more side effects than benefits. It is up to the individual to decide how much pain it is worth going by just to lose a few pounds.Hydroxycut is composed of both healthful and harmful ingredients. It is based on something known as the ECA stack, which consists of ephedrine, caffeine, and aspirin (Hydroxycut Information 1). Ephedrine, as most know, has received much negative attention over the past few months. It is derived from the plants of the genus

Aspect of Contract & Negligence in Business Essay

The commit of this brief article is to set out some key aspects of signal and the tort of oversight using the sideline headings The human singingship between the partiesThe nature of the obligationCausation and remoteness of damageThe measure of regaining.Using the same headings should remind you of the key aspects of for each one of the cardinal atomic number 18as in such a way that you are less likely to confuse them. (The words contract and negligence are deliberately repeated in each heading so that you get into the habit of distinguishing between the rules for each area, rather than having a general set of notes on, say, remoteness of damage, which confuses material from both areas.)KEY ASPECTS OF THE police force OF CONTRACTContract the relationship between the partiesA contract is a legally binding agreement formed by the mutual consent of the parties. The parties whitethorn be known to each other, as with a client and an accountant, or they may be strangers, as w ith a software company and a individual who downloads and installs the software. In either case, there is a clear relationship between the parties and this relationship is both formed and governed by the contract. (The rules governing the formation and content of contracts are set out in syllabus areas B1 and B2 of Paper F4 (ENG) syllabus.)Contract the nature of the obligationIn a contractual relationship, the nature of the obligation is determined by the terms of the contract. By entering into the contract, the parties agree to accept the resulting obligations. That is not to say that there is complete freedom of contract, since certain contractual terms may be restricted by statute for example, under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Nevertheless, in place for a contract to be binding, the parties must(prenominal) nail down to create legal relations and their contractual obligations are groundon mutual consent.Contract causation and remoteness of damageThis issue concern s the extent of the suspects liability for the chain of events set in motion by the breach of contract. The leading case is Hadley v Baxendale (1854) in which the suspect was contracted to disco biscuit a broken mill shaft from the claimants mill to the repairers. The defendant was late in delivering the shaft and the mill was idle for a longer design as a result. The claimant sought damages for vent of profits during the delay. The court found for the defendant, setting out a two-stage establish for remoteness of damage. In order to be recover up to(p), the loss must be either a normal result of the breach, orone which, at the time of the contract, both parties would go for contemplated as a probable result.Here, given how important a drive shaft was to a mill, neither test was satisfied, since it was apt to expect that the mill would have a spare shaft. Another useful case here is Victoria Laundry v Newham Industries (1949). Here, the defendants delay caused the defendant lo ss of profit, including the loss of an unco lucrative contract. The defendant was liable(p) for normal loss of profit under the first limb of the Hadley test, but not for the loss from that particular contract. He would simply have been liable for that had he known about it when the contract was formed.Contract the measure of damagesThe remedies available for breach of contract include the common law of nature remedies of damages, action for the price and quantum meruit, as well as the equitable remedies of injunction and specific performance.Remember that a breach of contract is a breach of a legal obligation, so the aim of the remedies is to put the claimant in the position that they would have been had the defendant fulfilled the obligation. This means putting the claimant in the position that they would have been in had the contract been performed. In relation to damages, this may be divided into expectation loss(benefits that might have been gained from the performance of the contract) and reliance loss (expenses incurred by the claimant in his side of the contract).The conduct of the claimant may also affect the amount of damages payable, since the claimant is under an obligation to take reasonable measures to mitigate the loss, as in Payzu v Saunders (1919). For example, if the buyer refuses to accept or pay for the goods, the seller must recover what they can by selling the goods to a third caller. The damages impart be the difference between the contract price and the amount that the seller receives. If the seller receives the contract price or higher from a third party, sole(prenominal) nominal phrase damages will be claimable. A claimant who does not attempt to mitigate their loss may have their damages reduced by the amount by which they could have done so. It is for the defendant to prove that the claimant failed to mitigate the loss.We will now use the same headings in relation to the tort of negligence.KEY ASPECTS OF THE TORT OF remiss nessNegligence the relationship between the partiesNegligence cases are based on a non-contractual relationship between the parties. The parties may be known to each other, as with a surgeon and a patient role, or they may be strangers, as with two drivers involved in a road traffic accident. Due to the neediness of any agreed relationship between the parties, the first question that arises in the case of negligence is that of whether any relationship exists between them at all. If one party is to be held liable to another in negligence, the relationship that must first be established is that of a duty of cope.Exam answers often state as a learned fact that liability in negligence is non-contractual, but it is worth spending a little longer thinking about what it in truth means. As a future accountant, you may find it helpful to relate this point to professional negligence cases since these illustrate the extent to which an accountant may be held liable in relationships where ther e may be no contractual obligation.A useful case in this respect is Caparo Industries plc v Dickman (1990). Here, the claimants were shareholders in a company and the defendants were the companys auditors. The claimants relied on the audited accounts and purchased more shares with a view to making a takeover bid. Having taken over the company, the claimants discovered that the company had in fact made a 400,000 loss rather than the 1.2m profit shown by the financial statements. The plate of Lords held that the requirements for a duty of care to exist were as follows the disparage must be reasonably foreseeablethere must be proximity between the claimant and the defendant it must be just, fair and reasonable to chaffer a duty of care on the defendant.Note that foreseeability at this stage in the context of negligence is used to establish whether there is any relationship between the parties this is not necessary at this stage in contract since the contract itself establishes that there is a relationship. (We will consider foreseeability once again in relation to remoteness of damage, which is discussed below.)In Caparo, the contract was between the company and the auditors. The individual shareholders did not have a contract with the auditors. The question was whether the auditors owed a duty of care to the shareholders. The House of Lords held that the auditors owed a duty to the shareholders as a body, but that they did not owe a duty to potential investors or to existing shareholders who planned to increase their shareholding. The defendants were because not liable.Caparo is one of a number of cases considering professional negligence. (This is covered by syllabus area B5 of Paper F4 (ENG).) A key theme running with these cases is the existence of the so-called special relationship. This was first established in Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller and Partners (1963). Bear in mind that the question of a special relationship is likely to be relevant where th e claimant does not have a contractual relationship with the professional providing the advice.In Hedley Byrne itself, the claimant provided services on conviction to a client. It did so on the basis of a credit reference given by the defendant, the clients bank. Note that there was a contract between the claimant and the client and a contract between the client and the bank, but no contract between the claimant and the bank. The defendant was able to avoid liability by relying on an exclusion clause contained in the credit reference. However, had the clause not been present, the defendant would have been liable because it had used its special skill to provide a statement to the claimant in the knowledge that the claimant would rely on this.Other cases that you may find helpful to consider in this context are as follows JEB Fasteners Ltd v Marks, Bloom & Co (1982)Morgan Crucible v Hill Samuel Bank Ltd (1991)James McNaghten Paper Group Ltd v Hicks Anderson & Co (1991) ADT v BDO Bind er Hamlyn (1995)NRG v Bacon & Woodrow and Ernst & early days (1996)In each case, identify any contractual relationships between the various parties involved and the nature of the relationship between the claimant and the defendant.Negligence the nature of the obligationIn relation to negligence, the nature of the obligation is not agreed between the parties but rather is imposed by operation of law. For example, a road user will owe a duty of care to other road users and a manufacturer will owe a duty of care to the final consumers of its products. at a time a duty of care has been held to exist, the defendants actions are judged by the standard of the reasonable man in the defendants positionBlyth v Birmingham Water Works (1856). The standard of care for professionals is of the reasonable professional having or holding himself out as having the skill or ability in question. Learners and the unpracticed will also be judged against the standards of the fully-qualified.Negligence causation and remoteness of damageIn relation to negligence, issues of causation and remoteness tend to beconsidered separately. The key test for causation is known as the but for test, which basically asks whether the loss would have been sustained but for the defendants negligence. The leading case here is Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington HMC (1969). The claimant arrived at the hospital emergency department complaining of stomach pains. He was sent home without being examined and subsequently died. Even though the doctor owed the patient a duty of care and had breached the duty, the breach of duty had not caused the patients death, since the poisoning was so advanced by the time the patient arrived at the hospital that he could not have been saved even with prompt treatment. The defendant was therefore not liable.The key test for remoteness in negligence is one of foreseeability. In The Wagon Mound (1961), the defendants negligently allowed oil to spill into Sydney Harbour. The claimants were welding, but ceased doing so on seeing the oil. Having been advised that the sparks would not ignite oil lying on the surface of the water, they resumed work. Sparks ignited debris lying on the surface of the oil, which in turn ignited and damaged the claimants wharf. It was held that the defendants were not liable since the only foreseeable damage was pollution rather than fire. By contrast, in Jolley v London Borough of Sutton (2000), a local authority failed to remove an abandoned boat for two years. A 14 year-old was seriously injured when he tried to jack up the boat in order to repair it. The authority was found liable since it knew that children regularly played on the boat, so it was foreseeable that a child would be injured. It did not matter that the precise nature of the injury could not be foreseen. The cases may appear to conflict, since The Wagon Mound focuses on foreseeability of the type of damage whereas Jolley v Sutton focuses on foreseeability of so me harm. There are a number of cases in this area and they are not always easy to reconcile. For the purposes of Paper F4, the key point to remember is that the test for remoteness in the tort of negligence is based on foreseeability of harm. You should be prepared to illustrate this point with examples.Note that the law of negligence considers foreseeability twice once in relation to duty of care and again in relation to remoteness. Remember that, if there is no duty of care, the question of remoteness does not arise.Caparo v Dickman is a useful illustration of this it might be foreseeable that existing shareholders would rely on an audit report in deciding whether to increase their shareholding. Nevertheless, the auditor did not owe a duty of care to potential investors. This was based on other aspects of the duty test proximity and the question of whether it was fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty.Negligence the measure of damagesAs with contract, once liability in neglig ence has been established, the next point to consider is that of remedies and the aim of the remedies is to put the claimant in the position that he would have been in had the breach of obligations not taken place. For negligence, the aim is therefore to put the claimant in the position that they would have been had the tort not been committed.Again, as with contract, the damages payable may also be reduced because of the claimants conduct. In negligence, this may be due to the partial defence of contributory negligence. This happens in cases where, even though the defendant was at fault, the claimant contributed to their own loss. Where this happens, the claimants damages are reduced by the helping to which the claimant is held to be at fault. The leading case here is Sayers v Harlow UDC (1958) where the claimant was detain in a public toilet due to a defective lock. She was injured when trying to climb out and it was held that she had contributed to her own injuries. It is for t he defendant to prove that the claimant was contributorily negligent. codaContract and the tort of negligence arise in separate questions on Paper F4, so you will not be asked to compare and contrast them. The aim of this article is to identify some key similarities and differences so that you are less likely to confuse these two areas. Your aim for the exam should be to be able to explain these key aspects of contract and negligence without confusing them. You may find that the following table acts as a useful revision aid contractual LiabilityLiability innegligenceRelationshipbetween the partiesThe relationship is created and governed by the contract. The parties enter the relationship by mutual consent.The relationship is non-contractual and is imposed by law. The defendant must owe the claimant a duty of care. Nature of obligationThe parties must comply with the terms of the contract.The defendant must act according to the standard of care expected of the reasonable man or the r easonable professional. Causation and remotenessIf the loss is a normal result of the breach, the defendant will be liable if the loss is not a normal result of the breach, the defendant will only be liable if they knew of the unusual circumstances.The defendants negligence must cause the claimants loss and the loss must have been a foreseeable consequence of the breach of duty. Measure of damagesThe aim is to compensate the claimant by putting them in the position that they would have been had the contract been performed.The aim is to compensate the claimant by putting them in the position that they would have been had the negligence not taken place. Possible reduction of damagesDamages may be reduced by the amount that could have been mitigated if the claimant fails to take reasonable action to mitigate the loss.Damages may be reduced by the relevant percentage if the claimants conduct contributed to the loss.

Grant and Lee a Study in Contrasts Essay

Grant and downwind A Study in Contrasts, written by Bruce Catton compares and contrasts the characteristics and lives of two leaders of the well-mannered War. Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. leeward, two very strong and very different generals, met on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia to bring to a close the cultivated War. By this time, America had become a arena that was starting over with the simple core belief in equal rights for everyone. Lee, who is from Virginia, had very traditional and darkened fashioned beliefs.He strongly believed in the idea that having unequal, leadership, and kind categories provided an advantage to society. The Confederacy embraced Lee as their leader as well. Further much, Confederate soldiers considered Lee the type of everything for which they had been willing to die for. On the other hand, Grant was raised very differently from Lee, his father had been a tanner on the Western frontier, and he was brought to be a hardworking man and to make something of himself. Grant primarily focused on democracy and believed that no individual was born into any type of class.Moreover, he believed that society should have privileges that each man should win for themselves and not just have privileges because you were born into an aristocratic family. He is seemingly the complete opposite of Lee in his belief that each person has the ability to work hard and gain their own good fortunes. Grant believed in a balanced social structure that did not limit anyone to any particular fate. He believed that life was a competition and everyone should get the chance to reach their limits.Grant had a more modern outlook on life and Lee would rather live in accordance with the past. Also, Lee and Grant were most different when it came to loyalty. Lee precept himself very much in relation to his own region. He was brought up in a static society where change was not k outrightn. Therefore, his loyalty would only if be to the societ y in the location he lived and would fight to the limit to defend it because he believed that it gave his life the deepest meaning. On the other hand, Grant would fight for a broader concept of society so that there could be growth and expansion.He would fight for the Union with everything he had because he strongly believed in the Western centering of living he was raised in. Although Grant and Lee had individual beliefs that clashed with one another they also had a few things in common. For example, Catton points out they were both large fighters that displayed a lot of tenacity and fidelity to their separate causes. Grant battled and endured his way down the Mississippi Valley despite his military handicaps and personal discouragements while Lee still had faith at Petersburg after all hope was lost.Also, their fighting qualities were very similar and they both refused to give up as long as they were able to fight. They were both also very daring and resourceful in that they had the ability to move quickly and think faster than the enemy. Most importantly, they were alike in the sense that they had the ability to turn away from war and come to peace once the fighting had ended. As a result, this helped the nation become whole and joined again. Their gathering at Appomattox was a great moment in American history.In our modern society today I think that we can now discuss our political differences and beliefs in peace and overall our nation is one that is very united as a whole. We live in a country that strongly follows Grants belief in equal rights for everyone in which citizens are able to vote for who they want as President of the United States. Also, although great deal will always disagree and agree on some things we carry on the beliefs of Lee and Grant in that we can always come together and discuss things in a peaceful manner much like they did at Appomattox on April 9, 1865.

Personal Reflection Essay for Trip to Buddhist Temple Essay

This Sunday morning I had the opportunity to witness my first Buddhist temple dish up at the Toledo Zen Center. My classmate, Tasi, accompanied me and we arrived to the attend around 1030 in the morning. When we first entered the temple we were both greeted by the man whom I had spoken with near coming, but were instantly amazed at the amount of color there was within the temple and how beautiful it was. I immediately noticed how unique and unaccustomed it was in appearance compared to any religious service that I had ever attended. From the beginning, I was intrigued and was looking forward to observing the Buddhist rituals and r show upines.After we were greeted we took our seats towards the substantiate of the temple, as that was where we felt most comfortable. I noticed that there were many large pictures of Buddha and his two disciples that surrounded the people. The people participating in the service hardened out a mat on the floor and began to kneel around the food they had placed on the mat as well. The monks began reciting a blessing in what they called Pali. Once they had gone through this stage, they began to speak or sing what I believe were verses from their scriptures. Eventually they all turned into a prayer-like arrangement and began to pray. They remained in prayer-like position for almost an hour and after that they began to meditate. At the point that they began meditating, Tasi and I had to leave the service.I feel as though attending this service did confirm my erudition of what a Buddhist service would be like. The way in which I had envisioned their services was very similar to the way in which it turned out to be. It was a very calming and relaxing environment and there were very little interaction within the people, other than the chanting of the scriptures. The only aspect of the service that was I was surprised by was the fact that was very little music or anything that could even resemble music within the service. I generall y mean of a service having some type of instruments playing, but there were no instruments or any form of music other than the people themselves.I in person found the religious activities that they performed to be very calming, soothing and perhaps rejuvenating. I enjoyed the chanting of the scriptures, as I feel that it made you feel and believe what you were discipline and hearing even more so. In addition, I was very fond of the many pictures of the Buddha. The strange aspect to me was the lack of interaction between the people. That is an aspect of the morality that I was unable to relate to, but perhaps that is what makes the service so calming. I am unsure if this aspect is something that I would be able to clasp very well, but overall I cannot say that there were really any parts of the service that offended me. I came into the experience rather open-minded and interested in really learning what their service was like in relation to the services I attend on a regular basi s. each(prenominal) in all, I can definitely say that this was a positive experience for me. I thoroughly enjoyed the opportunity to take part in this service and felt very welcomed throughout the entire service. I was impressed by the reaction the people had to the meditation and felt as though I knowing a lot from the trip as a whole. Although this may not be my religion of choice, I felt as though I benefited a great deal from expanding my knowledge on the Buddhist temple services and would definitely not be opposed to returning.

Educational philosophy Essay

I believe that education is an individual, unique experience for every(prenominal) student who enters a schoolroom. In order for children to benefit from what schools offer, I think that teachers moldiness fully understand the importance of their job. First, I believe that teachers must consider belief to be a lifestyle, not a mere forty-hour-a-week job, because a teachers goals for his/her students encompass much more than relaying out-of-context facts to passive students. As professionals entrusted with the education of young minds, teachers must facilitate learning and growth academic all in ally, individualizedly, and ethically.By providing a quality education to each individual in whizs classroom, a teacher equips children with the tools infallible for success in life. In order to accomplish these lofty goals, I think it is important first to establish a mutually respectful, honest reverberance with students a relationship in which communication is of the highest priority . Through this relationship, a fair, democratic environment based on trust and caring force out be formal in the classroom, making it possible to interact confidently and safely in an academic setting.Once this foundation is established, the educator has already accomplished a major goal the ethical characteristics of equality open, honest communication and trust postulate been emphasized and put into practice without having to preach to students. Demonstrating these ethically correct behaviors in the classroom and expecting students to model them prepares them for adult interaction and survival in the future. Academic learning must begin with motivation and inspiration. Students deserve an educators passion for some(prenominal) the subject at hand and learning as a whole.Teaching and learning become a simultaneous journey for both the teacher and students when students dexterity is aroused by a teachers genuine intensity for learning, because everyone is ready and willing to participate in active learning. To achieve active learning, a teacher must demonstrate enthusiasm and express confidence in the students abilities to learn and be successful. Employing constructivist methods of teaching in ones classroom forces students to obligate an active role in their education by making choices and assuming responsibility for intelligent inquiry and discovery.For instance, discussions, projects, and experiments ensure student achievement and allow students and the teacher to discover individual students preferences and strengths. This approach facilitates differentiated activities for each students distinctive ambitions, making the subject more relevant to every students life. Personal growth is accomplished when a teacher adopts a mentoring role. Displaying warmth and compassion shows students that teachers love them and are empathic, tactile sensationing human beings.man-to-man mentoring involves personal conversations about goals, and taking time to share ideas and experiences. To be a mentor to every student, a teacher must project positivity, exhibit tractability and confidence, set high expectations for oneself, and demonstrate fairness and consistency. In doing so, students screw see appropriate adult behaviors first-hand and begin to emulate them as they mature. I believe that all children have the ability to learn and the right to a quality education.All youths, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, and capabilities should have the opportunity to learn from professional, well-informed teachers who are sophisticated and knowledgeable, both in their area of expertise and life. Certainly, every child has different learning styles and aptitudes however, by having a personal relationship with every student, a teacher can give each an equal chance of success. By recognizing every students potential and having separate, individual goals for each, a teacher can accommodate personal needs and abilities and encourage the pursuit of ac ademic aspirations.I think that teaching and learning are reciprocal processes. When teachers nurture individual talents in each child, educators can build self-esteem and whitethorn encourage a lifelong skill. By supporting these special abilities, teachers can, for example, guide students research, and students can, in turn, enlighten teachers about subjects in which they may not be as knowledgeable. This mutual respect for individual skills cultivates a professional academic relationship, leading to a give-and-take educational alliance.This liaison allows students to feel that they are on equal intellectual ground with their teachers, thus creating a strong academic atmosphere. In addition to having a reciprocal relationship with ones students, it is vitally important for teachers to form partnerships with fellow educators. Solid communication among teachers will promote the sharing of ideas and methods and provide a network of support. By functional as an educational team, teac hers will continue to develop their craft and give the best education possible to their students.In choosing to become a teacher, I have made the commitment to myself and my future students to be the best academic, personal, and ethical role model I can be. It is my goal to have a mutually enriching teaching career by keeping an open mind and continually communicating with my peers and students. I am prepared to rise to the challenges of teaching in the 21st century, and I promise to try to provide an honest, well-rounded education to every student I encounter.

Ralph and Jack’s Conflict between Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies

Ralph and Jacks Conflict between Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies Over the ages, human behavior has sh make that purity of thought leads to a similar run and ultimately to an outcome that is consistent with the original thought. Conversely, the history of man is tainted with his inherent lust for agent and greed ca utilise great passage of arms. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the author contrasts the moral thoughts and kit and boodle of his flawed hero Ralph to the self gratifying motives and actions of his adversary Jack.The ebb and flow of good versus villainy on the island is driven by the waves of positive and negative thoughts in the minds of the two main characters. Ralph and Jacks unceasing struggle of good versus evil is not only between the two of them, but is within their induce minds as well. Jack shows his inclination towards selfishness and violence while Ralph keeps a caring and positive mind towards the themes choice.The boys have a meeting on the top of the mountain to discuss what to do following(a) concerning their survival, which gives jack the opportunity to bring up hunting It broke away- Before I could kill it- but- nigh time Jack slammed his knife into a trunk and looked round challengingly (31). Already Jack begins to reveal his pugnacious and violent nature. Jack has the opinion that being dominant and seen as powerful is some(prenominal) important to his own survival, while Ralph thinks about the survival of the group as a whole. Jacks hunting is more about a selfish need than about providing for others.During the first hunt, Jack goes to satisfy his craving for affection and power He swung his right arm and hurled the spear with all his strength. From the pig-run came the quick, hard patter of hoofs, a castanet sound, seductive, maddening- the ensure of meat (49). Jacks hunt for meat has become an obsessive search for power and a way to demonstrate his strength to the boys. He believes that catching and ki lling a pig and bringing it cover charge for the others is the ultimate way to show that he is dominant and better than them.Jack is now consciously embodying his evil thoughts into his fleshly appearance. After realizing his hunting methods are not adequate, Jack paints his face into a mask in gravel out to hunt more successfully Jack planned his new face. He made one buttock and one eye-socket white, then rubbed red over the other half of his face and slashed a coloured bar of charcoal across from right ear to left jaw (66). He is consciously using the colours black and red to demonstrate the darkness and thirst for blood inside of him. Jack alike shows his evil andanger in the way he aggressively slashes the charcoal onto his face.Ralphs deeper level of view leads him to take positive action towards improving conditions on the island. Ralph walks along the beach and come to realization merely how badly things have deteriorated on the island With a convulsion of the mind, Ralph discovered dirt and decay understood how much he disliked perpetually flicking the tangled hair out of his eyes, and at last, when the sun was gone, rolling noisily to rest among dry leaves (82).Ralphs thoughts, while not entirely good, have helped him to realize how bad the rattling situation is on the island and what he needs to do to stop the situation from getting worse. Ralphs macrocosm of order is pitted against Jacks world of chaos. At the meeting, Ralph tries to reestablish the rules and Jack is openly challenging his authority Ralph summoned his wits. Because the rules are the only thing weve got But Jack was shouting against him. Bullocks to the rules Were strong- we hunt If at that places a beast, well hunt it downWell close in and beat and beat and beat- (99) Ralph expresses his good thoughts in a way to keep justice and order on the island, while Jack tries to destroy either trace of this with thoughts of rebellion and power over Ralphs law. When Ralph rea lized that he cannot win, he gives into the bad thoughts that kill the island. Ralph is the last one left who still has a sense of order and is being hunted by the others for not agreeing with their ways But then the fatal unreasoning knowledge came to him again.The breaking of the conch and the deaths of swinish and Simon lay over the island like a vapour. These painted savages would go further and further (204). He experiences bad thoughts regarding his survival and develops a sense of hopelessness and futility. Ralph, slowly losing his own sanity and at the loss of Piggy and Simon in that location to induce good thoughts, is left to hide and attack the others for his own survival. Ralph is entirely overwhelmed by the thoughts of good and evil. He flees from the savages onto the beach where he finds, standing before him, a naval officer with a ship at his back. Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall though the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy (225). All of Ralphs thoughts crash down on him at this moment and he is overwhelmed by the faithfulness of mans inner evil and by the death of his loyal and good friend Piggy. The conflict between the two characters, Ralph and Jack, is underlined by the good and evil thought patters that directly lead to the actions they each take. period good thoughts bear good fruit and bad thoughts bear bad fruit, the potential for good and evil lies within all of mankind.

Human Resource Management Process Essay

Human Resource Management Process psychiatric hospital The role of a Human Resource department is ever changing in todays volatile business environment. Over the years HR consent be move up strong strategic partners at bottom an physical composition by providing functions such as recruitment, training and development and retention. Human Resource, in army to be strategic, fetchs directly with all levels of management in an effort to help with strategy and the growth of the troupe to meet their vision. One very authorized aspect is talent acquisition. Having the right people in tombstone roles within the placement is vital to the success and growth of any conjunction. Per light(a)ing this function includes air abbreviation, childbed and KSA statements, preparing patronage comments, recruiting, and then rankting earnings. The entire solve from frolic analysis to honorarium is discussed as follows business analysis When a new job is created or a va preservecy o ccurs, it is the role of a HR representative to fill that void. In order to coiffe this function they need to first understand what role they atomic number 18 trying fill is and what skills and responsibilities this new role would require. By conducting a job analysis they atomic number 18 able to further define important elements of any job and then search for the person or people that are the most qualified and would be a good fit for the company. Job analysis is the bring of describing and recording aspects of jobs and stipulating the skills and other requirements necessary to perform the job. It refers to the process of Gathering and collecting information slightly responsibilities, duties, skills, the outcomes and the environment that influences civiliseings in a particular job field. The job analysis process exit help the HR managers find the ideal gagedidate for the position.Task statement Task analysis is the process by which a occupation statement is derived. T he task statement is the most important element of task analysis process beca enjoyment it provides a standardized, concise format to describe worker actions. It is a document that defines and describes the right(a)(postnominal) job to be performed by the candidate. The creation of these task statements whitethorn take considerable thought and insight. However, the rewards of conducting this due diligence before taking on the task of hiring a new employee, makes the process very simple(a) and less stressful. Everything is clearly defined and above all, measurable in the future.KSA statement KSA statements are the job tie in knowledge, skills and abilities that an applicant must perform successfully in a certain position. It is a statement that helps employees in the process of identifying the employee who best fits in a particular field. KSA statements help hiring managers identify the knowledge, skills and attributes needed to successfully perform a specific job. Knowing the tasks that have to be performed, helps you to identify the KSA that the candidate must possess in order to perform to the companies standards and in surpass hire the right candidate.Job description Writing a job description is an important step in the homo alternativefulness staffing invention. A job description typically outlines the necessary skills, training and education needed by a potential employee for a qualify job. It provides an outline of what should be done by a particular employee in a specific position. It should pull up stakes a brief over deal of the role, how it relates to the organizational vision, a list of central responsibilities, requirements and qualifications.Once a job description is prepared, it can serve a basis for interviewing candidates, orienting a new employee and finally in the evaluation of general job transaction. By incorporating and utilizing job descriptions, an organization can better understand the experience and skill set needed to enhance the overall success of the company.Recruitment plan Once the Job analysis, Task statements, KSA statements and the job description are completed, the next step is to search for candidates. A complete recruitment plan identifies vacant positions in an organization that need to be filled so that so that an adequate job advertizing can be created and placed appropriately for a specific period of time. Most recruitment plans include searching both internally and externally from the organization. When organizations choose the right people for the job, these people are non only great performers with their job, but alike tend to stay with the organization longer.Selection method The key to the selection process is to choose a strategy for screening candidates that bequeath allow an organization to view the most qualified candidates for the vacant position. Employee selection process usually entails reviewing, screening, interviewing, testing then selecting the best unco mmitted candidates for theavailable position. Organizations also make use of many outside agencies when completing the selection process. Drug screening and acknowledgment checks are a lot done by a third party. Many companies are beginning to corporate assessment tests and activities into the selection process to insure additional training is not necessary for potential candidates. A selection method chosen by the organization should allow the selection panel of a company to pick the candidate that is most suited to fill the vacant position.Performance evaluation A performance evaluation is a review and discussion of an employees performance of assigned duties and responsibilities. Performance evaluations need to be in place to support decisions made by management and the HR department. The appraisal is based on results obtained by the employee in their job. These evaluations can also be employ to teach as they may furnish areas that need improvement as well as provide backu p for recognition of a job well done. It measures skills and accomplishments with reasonable accuracy and uniformity.The performance evaluations need to be complex body partd and performed in a apropos manner as well and managers need to be trained appropriately has to how to conduct these evaluations. allowance plan Compensation is a systematic approach to proving monetary value to employees in exchange for work performed.Compensation may achieve several purposes assisting in recruitment, job performance, and job rejoicing. Job analysis can be used in recompense to identify or watch over skill levels, compensable job factors, fiscal and supervisory responsibilities and required level of education which is related to salary level. Job descriptions are used as a tool for determining salary ranges.Many people associate hire with money but when looking for a job, many compensation packages are designed with a package of products in mind. Due to the fact that compensation isnt ju st about the dollar figure, compensation packages need to be discussed in great stop when hiring new employees.Overall compensation strategies have to be designed to meet the overall objectives of the organization. Would you change anything in your process at this point? No I wouldnt change anything. This is because of the following reasons I dont think that I would change anything about my paper because I did do extensive research on a HR Receptionist position to determining the skills, qualifications and experience needed for this type of positions. in that respect is a heavy need to do a job analysis. Employers who wish to demonstrate that their selection processes are valid will need to start with the job analysis. There are also management reasons for doing the analysis. It yields an improved process for obtaining, supporting and managing organizations work. Job description communicates the organizations expectations to its employees.Conclusion In conclusion, we have discussed the importance of the job analysis process which includes task statement, KSA statement and job description. Job analysis is the procedure used to determine tasks, duties and responsibilities of each job, and identify knowledge, skills and abilities appropriate to perform the job.The job analysis process can render verifying outcomes like affixd profits, employee retention and reaching overall organizational goals when implemented successfully within an organization. We have also discussed importance of compassionate resource departments ability to recruit, select candidates appropriately and live ongoing performance evaluations with the organizations employees.An organization cannot build a good team of working professionals without good Human Resources. The key functions of the Human Resources Management team include recruiting people, training them, performance appraisals, motivate employees as well as workplace communication, workplace safety, and much more. As you can see, human resource plays a very big role in the foundation of an organization.Literature review on compensationIntroduction Compensation can be defined as any rewards obtained by employees in return for their press. Compensation can be divided into three aspects, that is direct monetary compensation, indirect financial compensation and non-financial compensation. Direct financial compensation consists of deliver received in the form of wages, salaries, bonuses and commissions provided at regular intervals. validating financial compensation includes all financial rewards which are not included in direct compensation, and form part of the social contract between the employer and employee such as benefits, leaves, retirement plans, education and employee services. Non financial compensation refers to topics such as career development and advancement opportunities, opportunities for recognition as well as work environment and conditions. As much as many employees focus on direct financial compensation, it is the non-financial rewards that are more stiff in the long term employee engagement. Job position covers the divers(a) duties such as interesting duties and responsibilities, autonomy, challenges, authority feeling of achievement, advancement opportunities and opportunities for recognition. Work environment focuses on competent supervision, fun and effective co-workers, flexible scheduling, modified retirement and fair and consistent practices and policies.Scholarly review Levels of firms productivity widely bet on good compensation strategies. In grim businesses, coordination between general resource management practices needinessed, hence, squandered productivity levels. Besides, force out related problems are arising as a result of unclear, outlined policies on human resource management and compensation in small businesses. Inadequate and inefficient management of human resources often adversely affects employees perception of equi ty, resulting in dissatisfaction, inadequate motivation, higher turnover and lower productivity (Tate, et al, 1982). contrasted small businesses, large businesses rely on a well organized, formal personnel development to fix effective human resource management. There are various policies that aid in proper human resource management and increment of productivity levels. These policies are based on both wage hire and other fringe benefits. In order for these policies to effectively work, one need to enact proper nutrition practices which include appropriate induction of an employee, conducting performances review, providing employee service and instituting governance. However, the surveys were done to come to a conclusion on the crack that was observed between what could be and what was (in terms of professional human resource management) might be caused by at least four factors a lack of formal personnel management training, a lack of perception on the part of decision make rs that productivity is improved by use of generally recognised human resource management practices, a lack of incentive because employers are family members or an inability to use human resource management practices effectively because of size and monetary constraints. Compensation can also be achieved through recognition of personnel. Recognition of personnel is done by considering the following the length of service, above and beyond program, peer to peer, retirements and sales. Rewarding of the recognized personnel is done through corroboration and or plaques, cash gifts, certification and company logo merchandise. Recognition is meant to salute years of service, create a positive work environment, elevate high performance, foster a culture of recognition and raise personnel morale. Not all gestures succeed. Celebrating employees can also backfire, as far as the research conducted by Business Scholars at Harvard Business School. There were two reasons that emerged first, e mployees strategically gave the program improving timelines only when eligible for the reward, and call in sick to retain eligibility, scholars explain. Secondly, employees with perfect pre-program attendance or high productivity suffered 6.8% productivity decrease after program introduction, suggesting they were de-motivated by awards for good behavior they already exhibited. Compensation related issues have called for applicable compensation plans and decisions in order to cater equally for personnel. There are various decisions that human resource management makes concerning compensation as highlighted to a lower place Compensation decisions are essential in compensation strategies. Compensation of personnel depends on the securities industry position (level of pay relative to competitors), internal versus external orientation, hierarchy (the pay mental synthesis and the basic-job versus skills-for the pay structure reward mix, and the basis of research performance versus seniority, groups versus individual and criteria used) (Lawler 1981). These are issues that determine decision of salary increment. increase list of decisions has raised doubts about the efficacy of a strategic perspective. It brings to mind the multiple facts of job satisfaction that made the constraint more complex than originally conceived (Heneman, 1985), hence, t is necessary to differentiate decision which are strategic from those that are not. Compensation decision making widely depends on the strategic policies as highlighted below Competitiveness, whose degrees vary among various organizations and among occupations within them, from a strategic perspective, competitiveness refers to positioning a firms compensation relative to its competitors (Belcher, et al, 1987). It deals with total return trade off decision. Internal structure- the internal pay structure is a fundamental policy that requires strategic decisions. Typically it refers to the distribution of rates or internal pay differentials. (Simon, et al,1987.) Decisions involved depend on the issue of pay, equity and slope of the hierarchies. Forms of pay- this is another policy that pertains the forms of the mix of various elements of total compensation (Heneman, et al, 1973). Decisions include the number of forms to offer, the degree to which each is contingent to employees maintaining their membership in the organization like entitlement, or performance like incentives, relative importance of each form and the proportion of the work force eligible for each firm. Basis for increase-decisions based on the strategic policies involved in granting pay increase are also involved they range from an emphasis on short versus long term incentives (Caroll, et al, 1987). component part in the human resource strategy- description of firms human resources strategies plays a very important role in decision making (Dyer, 1985). Administrative style- this process is used to administer compens ation decision, also referred to as strategic properties. It deals with issues such as employee participation, communication centralization and dispute resolutions mechanisms. Compensation planning and political science has various challenges which require efficient decision making criteria. These compensation related decisions are formulated to do away with disputes that may result from pre hiring pay, ongoing employment, legal compliance, equal pay out and fair labor standards acts.Conclusion From what we have seen in the scholarly articles, for one to improve business productivity, it is essential to have relevant compensation strategies to provide guidelines on personnel compensation. Many small businesses are characterized by inadequate and substandard management of human resources which tend to affect employees perception of equity, resulting to dissatisfaction, inadequate motivation and lower productivity, hence, proper human resource management strategies are essential in building a well organized, formal, personnel department to ensure high productivity levels. Compensation can also be achieved through proper recognition of personnel by considering different aspects as highlighted in the articles above. Recognition is essential as it fosters work environment and also encourages high performance through appraisal of morale among the staff. In order to come up to a proper compensation plan, the human resource department needs to formulate clear policies and procedures to follow. These policies aid in decision making regarding various compensation incentives to personnel or employees. These decisions involve financial compensation which is in form of wages, salaries, bonuses and commissions, leaves, retirement plans and other employee services non financial compensation decision on job positions and working environment related factors. In short, it is essential for a good human resource management to have relevant policies which are essential in identifying when and how to compensate personnel properly.ReferencesAmba-Rao, S. C. &Pendse, D. (1985).Human Resource Compensation and Maintenance Practices. American Journal of Small Business, 10(2), 19-29.Belcher, D., &Atchinson, T. 1987.Compensation administration.Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall.Caroll S. (1987). Business strategies and Compensation Systems.In D.B Balkin&L.R. Gomez Mgia, New Perspectives in Compensation, Pp 343- 355, Prentice Hall.Dyer, L. (1985). strategic human resource management and planning. InK. Rowland and G. Ferris (eds.), Research in Personnel and HumanResources Management, 3, pp. 1-30, Greenwich, CT JAI Press.Freedman, S. (1978).Some Determinants of Compensation Decisions.Academy of ManagementJournal, 397-409.Heneman, H. G. (1985), Pay gaiety in K. M. Rowland & G. R. Ferns (eds), Research inPersonnel and Human Resource Management, vol 3, p 115-139.Lawler, E. E., III. 1981. Pay and organizational development. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley.Tate, C. E., Jr., Megginson, L. C , Scott, C. R., Jr., &Tnieblood, L. R. (1985). Successful smallbusiness management. Piano, TX Business Publications, Inc.Thompson, K. (2014). Honoring Employees is Good Business. Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 94(2), 26.Source document

Problem Based Learning

BASIC TEACHING & LEARNING COURSE (KAP CENTRAL ZONE/2013) 19 23 FEBRUARY 2013 identification ONE (1) NAME NUR AZIEMAH MOHD AZMAN ID. STAFF 302753 FACULTY COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA STUDIES CAMPUS/ COLLEGE SHAH ALAM QUESTION NO. 2 FOR iLQAM USE exclusively FOR iLQAM USE ONLY DATE RECEIVED integrality MARKS STAMP DATE RECEIVED TOTAL MARKS STAMP NUR AZIEMAH MOHD AZMAN BASIC TEACHING & LEARNING COURSE 19 23 FEBRUARY 2013 (CENTRAL ZONE) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) engagement 1 QUESTION 2Learning is non a spectator sport.Students do non get word much just sitting in classes listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk active what they are discloseing, write round it, relate it to past experiences, and apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they get wind part of themselves. Explain how you will conceptualise this principle in your schoolroom? There is a precept that goes Give a humanness a fish youll fe ed him for a day. Teach a man how to fish youll feed him for a lifetime. As an educator, I hold on firmly to saying above.When I first started teaching, I told myself that I can either be a teacher who is only interested about what pick out to be taught or I can be a teacher who is touch on about what and how something is supposed to be taught. I chose the latter. Why? Students had spent more than 12 years of learn in schools where most of the time, they sit and listen to what the teacher is teaching. Little or less participation on their behalf is incorporated during those 12 years. The main objective lens is to pass 3 big and important examinations in 12 years.Sad to say, they soon hinder a big chunk of what they had been attainment for the past 12 years this instant after they finish their last paper for SPM. This is because students are only made to remember what they are taught non to retain them. You can remember information for a specific length of time before you for get about it but if you can retain that information, youll remember it forever. Lets take mathematic as an example. We were taught how to do unsubdivided calculations such as hitition since we were 6 years old. We not only learn how to add numbers in class, we also use it in our daily lives too.In a much simple terms, we utilisation what we learn in school and incorporate it into our daily lives. We retain the skills to do additions by doing and practicing. What about special mathematics? Frankly speaking, if I was granted a set of additional mathematics questions today, I would not be able to solve even the simplest question. Why? Because I did not use any of the formulas I was taught in school in my daily lives. I did not retain the information. Students are unique. They might not curb the same way of learning.Lecturers and educators must be aware of their students ability in order to make the teaching and learning work at a success. Students have different levels of motiva tion, different attitudes about teaching and learning, and different responses to specific classroom environments and instructional practices. (Brent and Felder, 2005) That is why, students learn best when they are incorporated and is actively involved during the learning process. The traditional method of teaching is more concerned on what the student should learn rather than how the student should be learning.In my class, I use Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. PBL is a juvenile method of learning where there is a balance between what the students should learn and how they should be learning. This new advance to learning is bringing about new ways in which students are involved in the learning process. Teachers know that students do not learn at their highest potential when they are in a classroom where the teacher stands at the front of the room and gives them knowledge. (Utecht, 2003) During class, I encourage my students to speak and share information that they have on t he topic.Before I start my lecture, I would first brainstorm the idea of the topic with my students. Initially, students would be opposed to participate because they are afraid of saying the wrong answer. I encourage them saying that if it is an flavor, there is no right or wrong answer. Students in universities are andragogy learners they are adult learners. As an adult, they would analogous to have more control of their own learning. Andragogy reorients adult educators from educating people to helping them learn.The methods used may outrank from isolated instruction within a curriculum or integrated instruction. It may also hide intentional and unintentional learning situations. (Crawford, 2004) This type of students would be more interested to learn if they are given more power and control in the learning process. There are six assumptions on andragogy learners 1. Adults need to know the reason for learning something (Need to Know) 2. Experience(includingerror) provides the basis for learning activities (Foundation). 3.Adults need to be responsible for their decisions on education involvement in theplanningandevaluationof their instruction (Self-concept). 4. Adults are most interested in learning subjects having immediaterelevanceto their work and/or personal lives (Readiness). 5. Adult learning isproblem-centred rather than content-oriented (Orientation). 6. Adults act better to internal versus external motivators (Motivation). (Malcom Knowles, 1977) I planned and carry out my teaching and learning process using the 6 assumptions as my main guidance.Most of the time during class, I allow my students to voice out their opinion and share what they have to say on certain topics. I also let them know the objective of the learning and what they will acquire at the set aside of the class. If they feel that they did not achieve what they should at the end of the lesson, I encourage them to share their problems with their classmates so that they can come u p with the solutions together. During my lecturer, I use simple examples which they can easily connect with in their daily lives. I usually share my experience and make them to share theirs with the class.It takes the seriousness out of the learning process and students felt more comfortable sharing their problems and experience. For me, a relaxed and simple learning environment will encourage the students to be more active and not be reluctant to join in the discussions. A rigid classroom will make the students as shabby as ice. Before I started teaching, I told myself to be the teacher that u have never had the teacher I want to have but did not. I want my students to them around me and to not be dishonored to tell what they have in mind, because I believe the most valuable knowledge is the knowledge that we shared.References Brent. R, & Felder M. R. (2005). accord students differences. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72 Crawford S. R (2004). Andragogy Malcolm Kno wles. Retrieved March 21 from http//academic. regis. edu/ed205/Knowles. pdf Knowles, M. S. (1973). The Adult Learner A Neglected Species. Houston disjuncture Publishing Company. Utecht R. J. (2003). Problem Based Learning in Student Centred Classroom. Retrieved March 21 from http//www. jeffutecht. com/docs/PBL. pdf

Are Gertrude and Ophelia merely pawns in the world of Hamlet? Essay

Are Gertrude and Ophelia alone pawns in the world of village? Explore the plays representation of femininity, paying close attention to the purpose and intimacy of each of these two characters in the play. William Shakespeares juncture jakes be seen as a chess game bought to life. The play depicts the events in a 16th century Danish royal family that amplify after a suspicious murder of the top executive. The plays two female characters Gertrude and Ophelia can be likened to pawns in this mingled web of lies and deceit, as their words and actions are dictated by the males of the play. This can be directly link up to the broader culturalunderstandings of gender partings in 16th century England, as women were portrayed as passive, weak and spiritless to the males power strength aggression and action . As all texts position readers to interpret different characters in different ways, this text to can be read as empowering the females, by appearing to be submissive, in order to manipulate the men. However, as essentially Gertrude acts as a vehicle for villages emotions, and Ophelia is primarily shaped to align to external demands to reflect the male characters desires, the aim of the women in Hamlet is primarily that of amanipulated pawn in a chess game that not even the kings can win. The play Hamlet begins with the funeral of the former king of Denmark, that is simultaneously the wedding celebrations of the new king Claudius and his bride Gertrude, the young Hamlets mother and former male monarchs wife. Hamlets suspicions that something is rotten in the state of Denmark are by and by confirmed by the ghost of his start out, who reveals Claudius killed him, in a bid to gain power and his wife, Gertrude. Hamlet then decides that he essential get revenge on Claudius and so pretends to be mad, fooling his mother, lover Ophelia and Claudius.However, due to Hamlets procrastination, events drive a turn for the worse as the end of the play brings abou t death to both main character through error of judgment. Gender exercises in the play Hhamlet are a major factor dictating the lives of the females Ophelia and Gertrude. As strong masculinity was cherished, female traits were not desirable in a man, and this explains the actions of Hamlet, who acts in the realm of feminine for the first 4 acts. His fathers death bought about this loss of masculinity and Claudius further strips him of this detect by saying, of impious stubbornness.Tis unmanly grief. (Act 1 sc. 2, 94 ) thus Hamlet is left vulnerable and passive. He recognizes this in his second soliloquy, Oh what a rogue and peasant slave am I, and he shows his beat back at his feminine characteristics by loudly disapproving of Gertrude and Ophelias blatant sexuality. This is best shown as he shouts at his lover Ophelia, get thee to a nunnery, to preserve her purity and voice his disgust. Hamlets mixture of stamp towards Ophelia is a direct result of his dissatisfaction with his own short comings, and Ophelia has no choice just now to conform to this change of attitude unquestionably.Therefore Ophelia through no fault of her own is faced with the fact she has lost her lover, only if also her respectability, as it is well known she was not the innocent doyenne she is initially presumed to be, she is in the doghouse so to speak. Ophelias actions in the first part of the play are determined by her brother Laertes and father Polonious to great extent, as they warn her to stave off Hamlets advances.She states to her father, in response my churchman he hath importuned me with love in an honorable fashion,(act 1 sc. 3)in such a way that would indicate she believes he genuinely loves her. Yet as he further challenges she submits without fight, my lord I shall obey(act 1 sc. 3) and is obligate into an informant role.This lack of strength of character is in keeping with typical gender roles of the era, and is further picture that whilst Ophelia feels differe ntly, she is perfectly willing to go along with whatever the male figures in her life decide for her. As the play progresses we as readers gain the full force of the dependence Ophelia has on these characters, as their absence and later killing, drivesher into the madness from which she never recovers. This culminates in her untimely suicidal death that sums up the purpose her role had in the play, to merely conform to the males desires and needs. She is Laertes angel, Poloniouss commodity and Hamlets spectre of his psychic fears . Ophelia could be called an unstereotypical female in the play, because she does not play the innocent virgin role, and she goes mad after the death of her father instead of softly accepting it.However this more strongly reflects the weaknesses of her character ,the absence of her inner strength and reveals that she is too advantageously overcome by emotion, traits that are more prominently associated with females, especially in the 16th century. Thus Op helia is henpecked by the males in the play, due to her weaknesses that lead to her demise, much like a pawn on a chess board.Gertrudes role in the play of Hamlet is controversial, considering firstly her position of power, that she has continued to realise despite her late husbands death, as queen of Denmark. One would assume that Shakespeare, by placing Gertrude in this highly respected role is empowering her and her authority, therefore moving against broader cultural assumptions of femininity.This is veritablely a possibility, given the lengths Claudius went to in order to oversupply his lustful desires, as with the romanticized story Helene of Troy. That Claudius the new King would desire Gertrude as his wife, although she had already been married, had a give-and-take and was middle aged puts Gertrude in yet other position of power, but did this empower her? After all, it is certain Claudiuss main ambition was to gain the throne from his brother and so his marrying Gertru de provided, perhaps not love, but for an easy transition that would not bring about much controversy. Either way, as with Ophelia she does not take advantage of this power and is entirely submissive to Claudius.This is primarily because she allows herself to be manipulated. She is aware of the approved role of women and ascertains to it, as she states when watching the character reflective of herself in Hamlets play, The lady protests to much, methinks,(act 3, sc. 2, 226) Claudius effectively uses her throughout the play, close notably when he arranges with her agreement, for Polonious to spy on a conversation she has with Hamlet.This betrayal of trust to the son she loves demonstrates how slowly she is led astray by persuasive men like Claudius and it is a serious weakness in her character. Essentially her role consists of a pawn, not a queen, passed between two kings who dominate her and her actions. This weakness translates to her transaction with her son Hamlet, upon whom sh e dotes, and this is noticed by Claudius, The queen his mother lives al closely by his looks. (Act 4,Sc. 7,11-12)That the norm of parental roles substantiate almost been reversed, with Gertrude looking up to her son and idolising him, whilst Hamlet looks down upon her gives him a superior position, from which he directs her actions. This happens most noticeably in the closet scene with Gertrude, as Hamlet shames his mother into helping him to convince Claudius further, that he is in fact mad, despite the fact prior, she conspired with Claudius over Hamlet.Thus, this proves that she did not intentionally want to hurt Hamlet by conspiring with the king to spy on him, in the previous scene, but that she is so willing to be led that she will follow the directions of whichever male instructs her. This closet scene also gives rise to the climax of Hamlets rage, but in this intense emotional scene, we as readers are given no meter interlingual rendition as to Gertrudes feeling.It is in fact because her character is so negative, insignificant and undeveloped that she arouses in Hamlet the feelings that she is incapable of representing. This translates to her primary role being that of a vehicle for Hamlets emotions-thus she is again manipulated and apply as a pawn for Hamlets emotional state. Not only this, but Gertrude can also be seen as the footing, at least for Hamlet, for the tragedy. Gertrudes guilt and Hamlets disgust at her, had to be maintained and emphasised in order to supply a physiological origin for Hamlets actions.As Hamlet shamelessly uses his mother to prove he is mad, to show his emotions and provide a reason for his anger it gives rise to the question, who the real villain is in Hamlet. Gertrude and Ophelia, whilst looked down upon throughout the play for being blatantly sexual and susceptible to her passions and are thus blamed by Hamlet, are merely acting the role of pawns in a chess game, manipulated by the males. Each female appear only to fulfill the role of reflecting the males desires as is in keeping with the representations of femininity by Shakespeare.Whilst readers may emerge initially from a reading of Hamlet with the impression that Hamlet is the misunderstood hero, with Ophelia and Gertrude playing the interfering adulterous ugly stepsister role, another reading is possible. That, through no fault of their own, the females submissive roles in fact alter the males to such an extent that they, even Hamlet became obsessed with the idea of power. So, although the females were manipulated by the males, it caused the opposite effect by empowering them, as they ended up as the reason for the males actions.In conclusion, though controversial, it is evident that due to the role and function of the females in the play, Gertrude and Ophelia were used by the males to such a point, that although the end result would suggest otherwise, their role consisted of nothing more than pawns in a chessgame.http//www2. students. sbc. edu/young02/hamlet. html ibid http//www. turksheadreview. com/library/introlit. html http//www. freeessays. tv/c2951. htm T. S. Eliot (1888-1965). The Sacred woods Essays on Poetry and Criticism. 1922.

What is Wisdom?

I. Has your passel of intelligence changed since the beginning of the course? Explain how and why. Since the beginning of the course, my view of perception remained the same. However, I was able to enrich my comeledge because of the definitions and discussion on the subject by the different philosophers whose ideas of wiseness greatly shaped the word. After taking the course I was able to come up with the closing that acquaintance can be defined differently according to observations of a person towards how information is macrocosm used or misused. Interestingly, even scholars and the learned have their respective sets of definition for wisdom.However, it get out still be evident that in the bottom line, wisdom will still be one thing and this is how a person uses the capability of his mind to create or make decisions. There be things in my former essay which I questioned throughout the course. One example is the thought that wisdom is the use of intellect. There were mult iplication in the course of study where wisdom is discussed in terms of emotion, or the heart. This made me wonder whether wisdom is purely the minds practice, and assessing the different definitions I came into the conclusion that my preliminary thoughts were true.Still, at that place are part in my former definition of wisdom that changed. I pointed out early on that wisdom amongst children and the junior adults may be lacking due to being inexperienced which I now proved otherwise. As Thoreau points out, the older a wise person becomes the less his wisdom becomes significant because of sweet things and developments that occur every daylight. Thus, there are certain scenes where a child or a teenaged adult may know more while an older, more experienced person know less or nothing about. In the same way, old acquaintance may be more familiar to an older person when compared to a younger one.Yet I still remain faithful to the fact that the definitions pertinent to wisdom are numerous, as I pointed out in my preliminary essay. Wisdom can be identified with the period pre-occupation of the person defining itwhereas a scientist may define wisdom in a scientific way, a teacher may define it in an instructive way, and a student may define it in a learners way. The possibilities in which wisdom may be defined are endless. II. Whose view (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper, or Frankl) seems to be most conceivable? wherefore?Of the views discussed in class, Thoreaus is the most significant. He give tongue to that a mans wisdom and ignorance are results of his time, citing the yield of flock to superstition of their time as an example. (Creating Minds, 2007) This is especially true even to this day and age. A person may be wise for his age, just now new studies, inventions, and scholarly developments can tend to outdate his wisdom and in the process introduce other people who can seem wiser an fuller because their knowledge is far more updated that the wise people ahead of them.In hindsight, this is why a person would never cease learning, because once he does his wisdom will definitely deteriorate. Mencken states that the older he grows he realized that wisdom does not come of age. This is ratified by train Buren, who likened wisdom coming from age with wine saying it a person will only be wise with age like wine if the grapes are good enough to begin with. (Moncur, 2007) True enough, knowledge does not come of age. Wisdom is brought about by a never-ending free-flow of knowledge despite age.Children and young adults can get a deep well of wisdom if they are motivated to learn, and adults will overly improve on their wisdom if they do not stop learning. Continuous learning is an important aspect of sustaining wisdom, whereby new entropy consistently is being added up to ones well of knowledge which he can process and use to make sound and wise decisions. To be wholly wise, it is important that a person gets out of his somfort zon e and try things that are not normally done by mortal his age, or someone whose occupation is similar to him.When a person is not open to learn new things, even if he has the age capability to learn them, he will be outdated with information and his well of wisdom gets short of this additional information. III. Whose view (Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper, or Frankl) seems to be the to the lowest degree reasonable? Why? Of the views discussed in class, Frankls is the least reasonable. To begin with, he insists that wisdom comes from the heart and that this can make wisdom more sensible than the wisdom wrought from the mind.Given that this is factual in its deepest sense, wisdom still goes keister to being a function of the mind. Questioning everything, Lichtenberg said, is the first step to wisdomand altogether accepting that everything is the depart step to wisdom. (Moncur, 2007) Therefore, it is difficult to accept that wisdom from the heart, though claimed more sensible, is t he real essence of wisdom. It is true that wisdom can be affected by what the heart feels, but the capability to be wise is only if spawned by the mind. There may be contentions to this.A charity worker, for example, may prove it wise to day that true wisdom comes from the heart because the nature of the work he is in touches more in emotion. On the other hand, a scholar whose preoccupation is more on knowledge and improving this knowledge will prove this otherwise. Again, definitions will vary according to who is defining the word. Yet it is still improbable to say that this is reasonable as compared to wisdoms other definitions by other scholars and philosophers, especially those whose ideas were discussed in class.This sums up how the work of the mind breeds wisdom. It is not the heart which is wise. Emotions bred by the heart are also not acceptable, as scientifically it has been noted that it is the hypothalamus and not the heart that is capable of telling a person how to resp ond through emotions. In summation, this says that Frankls definition of wisdom can be misinterpreted in a lot of ways, and thus it is the least reasonable as compared to the definitions by other philosophers whose definitions were discussed in class.